Intermolecular Forces There are no covalent bonds between molecules in molecular covalent compounds. There are, however, forces of attraction between these molecules, and it is these which must be ...
Giant Covalent Structures Covalent lattices Covalent bonds are bonds between nonmetals in which electrons are shared between the atoms In some cases, it is not possible to satisfy the bonding capac...
Molecular Polarity Assigning polarity to molecules There is a difference between bond polarity and molecular polarity To determine whether a molecule is polar, the following things have to be take...
Predicting Shapes & Bond Angles Before you predict the shape of any molecule work out the Lewis structure to determine the number of bonding and lone pairs Apply the VSEPR rules and you should ...
Shapes of Molecules When an atom forms a covalent bond with another atom, the electrons in the different bonds and the non-bonding electrons in the outer shell all behave as negatively charged clou...
Resonance Structures The delocalization of electrons can explain the structures of some species that don’t seem to fit with a Lewis structure Delocalized electrons are electrons in a molecule, ion ...
Lewis Structures Lewis structures are simplified electron shell diagrams and show pairs of electrons around atoms. A pair of electrons can be represented by dots, crosses, a combination of dots and...
Bond Polarity When two atoms in a covalent bond have the same electronegativity the covalent bond is nonpolar The two chlorine atoms have identical electronegativities so the bonding electrons are ...
Covalent Bonds Covalent bonding occurs between two non-metals A covalent bond involves the electrostatic attraction between nuclei of two atoms and the electrons of their outer shells No electrons ...
