Acid-Base Titrations The steps involved in performing a titration and titration calculation are outlined in Topic 1.2.9 Titrations Acid-base titrations follow the same steps and are used to find th...
Neutralization A neutralisation reaction is one in which an acid (pH <7) and a base/alkali (pH >7) react together to form water (pH = 7) and a salt The proton of the acid reacts with the hydr...
Characteristic Reactions of Acids Metals and acids The typical reaction of a metal and an acid can be summarized as acid + metal → salt + hydrogen For example: 2HCl (aq) + Zn (s) → ...
Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs A Brønsted-Lowry acid is a species that can donate a proton A Brønsted-Lowry base is a species that can accept a proton In a reaction equilibrium the products are formed a...
Brønsted–Lowry Acids & Bases The Brønsted-Lowry Theory defines acids and bases in terms of proton transfer between chemical compounds A Brønsted-Lowry acid is a species that gives away a proton...
Catalysts & Equilibrium Changes in concentration If all other conditions stay the same, the equilibrium constant Kc is not affected by any changes in concentration of the reactants or products ...
Le Chatelier's Principle Position of the equilibrium The position of the equilibrium refers to the relative amounts of products and reactants in an equilibrium mixture. When the position of equilib...
The Reaction Quotient The reaction quotient, Q, is the ratio of products and reactants for a reaction that has NOT yet reached equilibrium The expression for Q is very similar to Kc: It is a useful...
Equilibrium Constant Relationships In the previous section we saw that the concentrations of the substances are raised to the power of the coefficients from the balanced equation This means the Kc ...
