Chi-squared Test and Dihybrid Crosses Use of a chi-squared test on data from dihybrid crosses The difference between expected and observed results in experiments can be statistically significant or...
Identifying Recombinants in Crosses Genetic diagrams involving autosomal linkage often predict solely parental type offspring (offspring that have the same combination of characteristics as their p...
Exceptions to Mendel's Rules NOS: Mendel used observations of the natural world to find and explain patterns and trends Since Mendel, scientists have looked for discrepancies and asked questions ba...
Predicting Phenotypic and Genotypic Ratios Worked Example Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) were crossed in a laboratory study looking for inheritance patterns for two characteristics, wing len...
Independent Assortment & Segregation Unlinked genes segregate independently as a result of meiosis Unlinked genes are genes that an organism carries on separate chromosomes Not on homologous co...
Drawing Chiasmata Skill: Drawing diagrams to show chiasmata formed by crossing over Drawing tips Use two coloured pens/pencils to show chromosomes/chromatids of maternal or paternal origin One chro...
Meiosis II Second division of Meiosis : Meiosis II There is no interphase between meiosis I and meiosis II so the DNA is not replicated The second division of meiosis is almost identical to the sta...
Meiosis I Homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis I Prophase I DNA has already replicated and condenses and becomes visible as chromosomes Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joine...
Crossing Over Crossing over is the exchange of DNA material between non-sister homologous chromatids Meiosis has several mechanisms that increase the genetic diversity of gametes produced Both cros...
