Formulae of Organic Compounds (AL) Students are expected to interpret and use the following formulae of organic compounds General formula Structural formula Displayed formula Skeletal formula Formu...
Functional Groups of Organic Compounds (AL) Many organic compounds contain one or more functional groups A functional group is an atom or group of atoms in an organic molecule, that determines its ...
Effect of Ligand Exchange on Stability Constant The stability constants (Kstab) of ligands are often given on a log10 scale so that it becomes easier to compare them with each other Ligand exchange...
Define & Write a Stability Constant for a Complex When transition element ions are in aqueous solutions, they will automatically become hydrated Water molecules will surround the ion and act as...
Geometrical & Optical Stereoisomerism in Complexes Transition element complexes can exhibit stereoisomerism Geometrical (cis-trans) isomerism Even though transition element complexes do not ha...
Calculations of Other Redox Systems You are required to perform calculations involving redox reactions of transition elements These include: Constructing redox equations Calculating oxidation state...
Redox Systems: Ferrous & Permanganate The oxidation states of transition element ions can change during redox reactions A species will either be oxidised or reduced, depending on what reaction ...
Feasibility of Redox Reactions Using Standard Electrode Values Transition elements can form ions with various oxidation states The change in their oxidation states involves the transfer of electron...
Ligand Exchange Ligand exchange (or ligand substitution) is when one ligand in a complex is replaced by another Ligand exchange forms a new complex that is more stable than the original one The lig...
