Rates - Experimental Techniques To measure the rate of a reaction, we need to be able to measure either how quickly the reactants are used up or how quickly the products are formed The metho...
Orders of Reaction The order of a reactant shows how the concentration of a chemical, typically a reactant, affects the rate of reaction It is the power to which the concentration of that re...
Rates of Reaction - Introduction The rate of reaction refers to the change in the amount or concentration of a reactant or product per unit time The units for rate of reaction are mol dm-3 s...
Feasible Reactions Graphing the Gibbs Equation The Gibbs equation can be expressed as the equation for a straight line ΔGꝋ = ΔHꝋ - TΔSꝋ ΔGꝋ = - ΔSꝋT + ΔHꝋ y = mx + c A graph of free energy ...
Feasibility of Reactions Gibbs free energy The feasibility of a reaction is determined by two factors The enthalpy and entropy change The two factors come together in a fundamental thermodyn...
Total Entropy Calculations If we take the reaction between sodium and chorine, we know that this is a very exothermic reaction and also involves a decrease in entropy as a solid is produced ...
Introducing Entropy You may have wondered why it is that endothermic reactions occur at all, after all, what can be the driving force behind endothermic reactions if the products end up in a...
Solution & Hydration Definitions Enthalpy of solution The standard enthalpy change of solution (ΔHsolꝋ) is the enthalpy change when 1 mole of an ionic substance dissolves in sufficient w...
Polarisation of Ions Theoretical lattice energies assume a perfect ionic model where the ions are 100% spherical and the attractions are purely electrostatic So overall, there has a been a c...
