物理学科的英语词汇

cohesive adj.( formal )

1.结成一个整体的

•a cohesive group 一个紧密团结的群体

2.使结合的；使凝结的；使内聚的

•the cohesive power of shared suffering 共患难的内聚力

•well-structured sentences illustrating the use of cohesive markers such as‘nevertheless’ and ‘however’ 能够表明像nevertheless和however这类连词用法的结构严谨的句子

horizontal 

adj.水平的；与地面平行的；横的

•horizontal lines 横线

1. the horizontal [ U]水平位置

•He shifted his position from the horizontal. 他从水平姿势变换成其他姿势。

2. [ C] 水平线；水平面；横线；横切面

bulk

1. [ sing.] the ~ (ofsth)主体；大部分

•The bulk of the population lives in cities. 大多数人口居住在城市里。

2. [ U] （大）体积；大（量）

•Despite its bulk and weight, the car is extremely fast.

•a bulk order  一份大批量的订单

•bulk buying（常指以低价）大量购买

•It's cheaper to buy in bulk . 大批购买便宜些。

3. [ sing.]巨大的体重（或重量、形状、身体等）

•She heaved her bulk out of the chair. 她挪动庞大的躯体，费力地从椅子里站起来。

rim

1.（圆形物体的）边沿

•He looked at them over the rim of his glass. 他从杯口的上方看着他们。

•The rims of her eyes were red with crying. 她的眼眶都哭红了。

•spectacles with gold rims 金框眼镜

2. 轮辋；轮圈

3. -rimmed  有…框（或边）的

•gold-rimmed spectacles 金框眼镜

•red-rimmed eyes (= for example, from crying) 眼眶红红的眼睛

brink n. [ sing.]

1. the ~ (of sth)（新的、危险的，或令人兴奋的处境的）边缘，初始状态

•on the brink of collapse/war/death/disaster 濒于崩溃╱战争╱死亡╱灾难

•Scientists are on the brink of making a major new discovery. 科学家很快就会有新的重大发现。

•He's pulled the company back from the brink (= he has saved it from disaster) . 他使公司起死回生。

2. ( literary)（峭壁、河岸等的）边沿，边缘

•the brink of the precipice 悬崖边缘

elasticity [ U] 弹性；弹力

cohesion [ U]

1. ( formal ) 黏合；结合；凝聚性SYN unity

•the cohesion of the nuclear family 核心家庭的内聚性

•social/political/economiccohesion 社会╱政治╱经济凝聚性

2. ( physics 物chemistry 化) 内聚力

impetus n.

1. [ Using.] ~ (for sth)~ (to sth/to do sth) 动力；推动；促进；刺激 SYN stimulus

•to give (a) new/freshimpetus to sth 给某事物以新的推进力

•The debate seems to have lost muchof its initial impetus. 辩论会似乎没有开始时那么大的冲劲了。

•His articles provided the mainimpetus for change. 他的那些文章是促进变革的主要推动力。

2. [ U] ( technical 术语) 动量；动力；惯性

decelerate v. ( formal )

1. [ VN] （使）减速行驶；降低运行速度

2.（使）减缓，变慢SYN slow down

Economicgrowth decelerated sharply in June. 六月份经济增长大幅度减缓。

precipitate

[ VN]

1.使…突然降临；加速（坏事的发生）SYN bring on spark off

•His resignation precipitated aleadership crisis. 他的辞职立即引发了领导层的危机。

2. ~ sb/sth into sth 使突然陷入（某种状态）

•The assassination of the presidentprecipitated the country into war. 总统被暗杀使国家骤然陷入战争状态。

adj.鲁莽的；草率的；仓促的

N.沉淀物；析出物

expedite [ VN] ( formal )  加快；加速SYN speed up

• We havedeveloped rapid order processing to expedite deliveries to customers. 我们已创造了快速处理订单的方法以便迅速将货物送达顾客。

quiver

1.强烈感情；哆嗦；微颤；抖动

•He felt a quiver of excitement run through him. 他觉得浑身上下都兴奋起来。

•Jane couldn't help the quiver in her voice. 简不禁声音颤抖。

2.箭筒；箭套

[ V] 轻微颤动；抖动；抽动；哆嗦

•Her lip quivered and then she started to cry. 她嘴唇微微一颤就哭了起来。

jar

1.（玻璃）罐子；广口瓶

•a storage jar 广口贮藏瓶

2.一罐，一瓶（的量）

•a jar of coffee 一罐咖啡

3. 缸；坛子

•a water jar 水缸

4. [ sing.] 猛然震动；撞击

•The fall gave him a nasty jar. 这一跤把他摔得好厉害。

1. ~ (sth)(on sth)（使）撞击，受震动而疼痛

•The jolt seemed to jar every bonein her body. 这震动似乎把她浑身上下每根骨头都弄疼了。

•The spade jarred on somethingmetal. 铁锹撞在什么金属物件上发出刺耳的声音。

2. ~ (on sth)（对…）产生不快的影响；使烦躁 SYN grate

•His constant moaning was beginningto jar on her nerves. 他不停的呻吟使她焦躁不安起来。

•There was a jarring note oftriumph in his voice. 他声音里含有一种烦人的扬扬得意的口气。

3. [ V] ~ (withsth)（与…）不协调，不和谐，相冲突 SYN clash

•Her brown shoes jarred with therest of the outfit. 她那双棕色的鞋与她的衣着不协

vibration n.震动；颤动；抖动；（感情的）共鸣

•We could feel the vibrations fromthe trucks passing outside. 我们可以感到外面卡车经过时的颤动。

•a reduction in the level ofvibration in the engine 发动机震动程度的下降

discharge

1.[ usuallypassive] ~ sb (fromsth)准许（某人）离开；解雇

•Patients were being dischargedfrom the hospital too early. 病人都过早获准出院。

•She had discharged herself againstmedical advice. 她不听医嘱擅自出院了。

•He was discharged from the armyfollowing his injury. 他受伤后就退伍了。

•She was discharged from the policeforce for bad conduct. 她因行为不轨被清除出警察队伍。

2. [ oftenpassive] 释放

•He was conditionallydischarged afteradmitting the theft. 他承认偷盗行为后被有条件地释放了。

3. ~ (sth) (into sth)排出；放出；流出

•The river is diverted through thepower station before discharging into the sea. 这条河改道经水电站后流入大海。

•The factory was fined fordischarging chemicals into the river. 这家工厂因往河里排放化学物质而被罚款。

4. ( technical 术语)发（力）；放（电）

•Lightning is caused by cloudsdischarging electricity. 闪电是由云层放电产生的。

5. ( formal )尽（职）；完成；履行

•to dischargeyour duties/ responsibilities/obligations 履行职责╱责任╱义务

•to dischargea debt (= to payit) 清偿债务

6. ( formal )射出；开火

1. [ UC] 排出（物）；放出（物）；流出（物）

•a ban on the discharge of toxicwaste 禁止有毒废物的排放

•thunder and lightning caused byelectrical discharges 由放电产生的雷电

•nasal/vaginaldischarge (= fromthe nose/ vagina ) 鼻涕；阴道分泌物

2. [ UC] ~ (from sth)获准离开；免职；出院；退伍

3. [ U] ( formal ) （任务或职责的）履行，执行；（债务的）清偿

•the dischargeof debts/obligations 债务的清偿；义务的履

diffuse

1.弥漫的；扩散的；漫射的

•diffuse light 漫射光

•a diffuse community 居住分散的社群

2.不清楚的；难解的；冗长的；啰唆的

•a diffuse style of writing 冗赘的文体

1. ( formal ) 传播；普及；使分散；散布

•The problem is how to diffuse power without creating anarchy. 问题在于如何将权力分散而不造成无政府状态。

•Technologies diffuse rapidly. 技术普及非常快。

2. ( technical 术语) （使气体或液体）扩散，弥漫，渗透

3. ( formal ) （使光）模糊，漫射，漫散

•The moon was fuller than the night before, but the light was diffused bycloud. 月亮比头一天晚上更圆，但因云层遮掩而月光朦胧。

emit 发出，射出，散发（光、热、声音、气等）

• The metal container began to emit a clicking sound. 金属容器开始发出咔嗒咔嗒的声音。

• Sulphur gases were emitted by the volcano. 硫磺气体由火山喷发出来。

transpire v.( formal )

1. [ V that] ( 通常不用于进行时 ) 公开；透露；为人所知

•It transpired that the gang had had a contact inside the bank. 据报这伙歹徒在银行里有内应。

•This story, it later transpired, was untrue. 后来得知，此事纯属凭空假造。

2. 发生

•You're meeting him tomorrow? Let me know what transpires. 你明天和他见面吗？把见面的情况告诉我。

3. ( biology) （植物）水分蒸发，蒸腾

eject v.

1.~ sb (fromsth)( formal )驱逐；逐出；赶出SYN throw out

•Police ejected a number of violentprotesters from the hall. 警察将一些暴力抗议者赶出了会议厅。

2.~ sth(from sth)喷出；喷射；排出

•Used cartridges are ejected fromthe gun after firing. 空弹壳在射击后从枪里弹出。

3.（飞行员在飞机坠毁前从弹射座椅）弹出

4.（按键后磁带、磁盘）弹出；使弹出

fusion n.

1.[ Using.] 融合；熔接；结合

•the fusion of copper and zinc toproduce brass 铜与锌熔合成黄铜

•The movie displayed a perfectfusion of image and sound.

2.[ U] ( physics 物)核聚变；热核反应

3.合成音乐，混合音乐（尤指爵士乐和摇滚乐）

4.（各种方式的）混合烹调

•French–Thai fusion 法泰式混合烹饪

thermometer n.温度计；寒暑表；体温计

• a thermometer reading 温度计读数

thaw

1.  ~ (out)( of ice and snow )（结冰后）解冻，融化，融解SYN meltOPP freeze

2.天气暖和得使冰雪融化（或解冻）

•It's starting to thaw. 天气转暖，冰雪开始融化了。

3. ~ (sth)(out)使冷冻食品）化冻

•Leave the meat to thaw completelybefore cooking. 让冻肉完全化冻后再烹煮。

4. ~ (sth)(out)（使）回到正常温度，变暖

•I could feel my ears and toes startto thaw out. 我觉得耳朵和脚趾暖和过来了。

5. ~ (out) 变得友好（或随和、不拘束）

•Relations between the two countriesthawed a little after the talks. 谈判后两国关系缓和了些。

clot [ V]（血或乳脂）凝结成块

•a drug that stops blood from clotting during operations 手术时防止血液凝结成块的药物[ VN]

•the blood clotting agent, Factor 8 凝血因子VIII

sublimate v.

[ VN] ( psychology 心)升华，使高尚化（把性欲冲动等转移到工作、锻炼、艺术等社会可接受的活动中）SYN channel

distillationn. 精馏，蒸馏，净化；蒸馏法；精华，蒸馏物

clutter

[ VN] ~ sth (up) (with sth/sb)  凌乱地塞满；乱堆放

•Don't clutter the page with too many diagrams. 别用太多的图表来堆砌版面。

•I don't want all these files cluttering up my desk. 我不想看到所有这些文档乱堆在我的桌子上。

•Try not to clutter your head with trivia. 尽量别满脑子都想些鸡毛蒜皮的事。

[ Using.] ( disapproving) 杂乱的东西（尤指不需要的或无用的）；杂乱

•There's always so much clutter on your desk! 你桌子上总有那么多乱七八糟的东西！

•There was a clutter of bottles and tubes on the shelf. 架子上胡乱堆满了瓶子和管子。

equilibrium n.   /ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbriəm/  

1. 平衡；均衡；均势

•The point at which the solid and the liquid are in equilibrium iscalled the freezing point. 固体和液体的平衡点叫做冰点。

•Any disturbance to the body's state of equilibrium can produce stress. 对身体平衡状态的任何干扰都可能产生压力。

•We have achieved an equilibrium in the economy. 我们已在经济上达到平衡。

2.（心情、情绪）平静，安宁；心理平衡

•He sat down to try and recover his equilibrium. 他坐了下来，努力恢复平静。

density n. ( pl. -ities)

1. [ U]密集；稠密；密度；浓度

•population density 人口密度

•low density forest 低密度森林

2. [ CU] ( physics物)密度（固体、液体或气体单位体积的质量）

•the density of a gas 一种气体的密度

3. [ U] ( computing计)密度（磁盘存储数据的可用空间）

•a high/double density floppy 高密度╱双密度软盘

dilute/daɪˈluːt/  

[ VN] SYN water down

1. ~ sth(with sth)稀释；冲淡

•The paint can be diluted with water to make a lighter shade. 这颜料可用水稀释以使色度淡一些。

2.削弱；降低；使降低效果

•Large classes dilute the quality of education that children receive. 大班上课会降低孩子所受教育的质量。

declivity下坡，倾斜

foam

1. ( also ˌfoam ˈrubber ) [ U] 泡沫橡胶；海绵橡胶

•a foam mattress 泡沫橡胶床垫

•foam packaging 泡沫橡胶包装材料

2. [ U] 泡沫SYN froth

•a glass of beer with a good head offoam 上面有厚厚一层泡沫的一杯啤酒

•The breaking waves left the beachcovered with foam. 浪花四溅，海滩上满是泡沫。

3.泡沫剂（用于洗涤、剃须、灭火等）

•shaving foam 剃须泡沫膏

[ V] ( of a liquid 液体 ) 有泡沫；起泡沫

foam atthe mouth ( informal ) ( of a person) to be very angry 大发雷霆

ventilation通风设备，空气流通

evaporate v.

1.（使）蒸发，挥发

•Heat until all the water has evaporated. 加热直至水全部蒸发。

•The sun is constantly evaporating the earth's moisture. 太阳使地球上的湿气不断蒸发。

2.（逐渐）消失，消散，衰减

•Her confidence had now completely evaporated. 她的信心已消失殆尽。

thermodynamic热力学的

attrition [ U] ( formal )（尤指给敌人造成的）削弱，消耗

•It was a war of attrition. 这是一场消耗战。

The attrition is even to satisfy the requirement ofits working life, which provides the electromagnetic brake withbetter security and longer working life.

磨损均匀，满足了工作寿命的相关要求，为电磁制动器安全制动、延长工作寿命提供了保证。

chafe v.

1.擦痛；擦得红肿

•Her wrists chafed where the rope had been. 她的手腕上绳子勒过的地方都磨红了。

•The collar was far too tight and chafed her neck. 衣领特别紧，把她脖子磨痛了。

2. [ V] ~ (at/under sth)( formal ) （尤指因受限制而）恼怒，烦恼，焦躁

•He soon chafed at the restrictions of his situation. 他很快便因为处处受到限制而感到恼火。

resonance n.

1. [ U] ( formal ) ( ofsound 声音 )洪亮；响亮

•Her voice had a strange and thrilling resonance. 她的声音洪亮，有一种奇特的震撼人心的效果。

2. [ CU] ( technical术语)  共鸣；共振；谐振

3. [ UC] ( formal ) ( ina piece of writing, music, etc.  )激发联想的力量；引起共鸣的力量；

ultrasonics /,ʌltrə'sɑnɪks/ n. 超声波学，超声学

sonar [ U] 声吶（利用声波探测水下物体的装置或系统）

acoustic adj. /əˈkuːstɪk/  

1. 声音的；音响的；听觉的

2. [ usually before noun] ( of amusical instrument or performance ) 原声的；自然声的

electromagnetic adj.( physics物) 电磁的

• an electromagnetic wave/field 电磁波╱场

electromagnetism  电磁学；电磁

amplify v.

1.放大，增强（声音等）

•to amplify a guitar/an electric current/a signal 放大吉他声音╱电流╱信号

2. ( formal  阐发，充实（故事、事情、陈述等）

•She refused to amplify further. 她拒绝提供详情。

•You may need to amplify this point. 你可能需要对这一点进一步予以说明。

amplifier n.

( also informal amp ) 放大器；扩音器；扬声器

• a 25 watt amplifier 一台25瓦扩音器

insulator n.隔热（或绝缘、隔音等的）材料（或装置）

ultraviolet adj. [ usuallybefore noun]

( abbr. UV) ( physics 物) 紫外线的；利用紫外线的

• ultraviolet rays (= that causethe skin to go darker) 紫外线

• an ultraviolet lamp 紫外线灯

oscillation n./ˌɒsɪˈleɪʃn/ ( formal )

1. [ Using.] 摆动；摇摆；振动

•the oscillation of the compass needle 罗盘指针的摆动

•the economy's continual oscillation between growth and recession 经济增长与衰退之间的持续波动

2. [ C] 一次波动；浮动；振幅

•the oscillations of the pound against foreign currency 英镑兑外币汇价的波动

3.（情感、行为、思想的）摇摆不定，变化无常，犹豫不定

•his oscillation, as a teenager, between science and art 十几岁的他对学文科还是学理科的犹豫不决

statics 静力学

translucent adj. ( formal ) 半透明的

magnifier n.放大器；放大镜

lens n.

1.透镜；镜片

•a pair of glasses with tinted lenses 一副有色镜片眼镜

•a camera with an adjustable lens 带有可调镜头的照相机

•a lens cap/cover 镜头帽╱盖

2. ( informal ) = contact lens

•Have you got your lenses in? 你戴了隐形眼镜吗？

3. ( anatomy 解) the transparent part of the eye, behind the pupil ,that focuses light so that you can see clearly （眼球的）晶状体