Q:also, as well 和 too 之间有何不同呢?
A:Also, as well 和 too 都是副词,也都意为「也」,而 also 还有「此外」的意思。
Also 常用于书写中 (亦即比较正式),在讲话时比较不常用,它可以放在句中不同的位置。首先来看 also 意为「此外」的情况,此时它位在句首,其后须有逗点,是用来强调后面的句子或提供前一句的补充资料或提出新的论点或主题。例如:
Rose is a beautiful girl. Also, she is very kind-hearted. (萝丝是个漂亮的女孩。此外,她有好心肠 - 人美心也美)
OK, I’ll call you tomorrow and we can discuss it then. Also, we need to buy a new computer. (好,我明天会打电话给你,届时我们可以讨论这件事。此外,我们需要买一部新电脑)
当 also 意为「也」时,它跟一般副词一样,通常位在句子的中间,亦即位在主词和主动词之间 (即普通动词之前),或位在语气助动词或第一个助动词之后,或位在当主动词的 BE 动词之后。
例如:
I also like tennis. (我也喜欢打网球)
This word can also be used as an adjective. (这个字也可用作形容词)
She was also a famous singer about three years ago. (大约三年前她还是个名歌手)
在句末,使用 also 并没有错,但通常不这麽用,而是使用 as well 或 too 来代替 also,尤其是在讲话时。
例如:
John called/contacted his wife at work/in the office but she didn’t answer the phone. Her mobile phone was silent as well. (约翰打电话到他太太办公室,但她没有接电话。她的手机也没人接) - 注意:别把这裡的 silent 跟「静音 (模式)」的 silent (mode) 搞混了。「把手机调为静音/振动 (模式)」的英文是 to have/put the mobile (phone) on silent/vibrate (mode)。
John called/contacted his wife at work/in the office but she didn’t answer the phone. Her mobile phone was silent too.
As well 用于口说的频率比用于书写或写作高出许多,且比 also 更常用于讲话中,它几乎都位在句末位置。
例如:
We’ll need a new computer as well. (我们还需要一部新电脑)
As well 不可放在句首。
例如:
I must buy a new smartphone as well. (我也要买一支新的智慧型手机) (正)
As well I must buy a new smartphone. (误)
Too 通常位在句末位置,其前有无逗点皆可。
例如:
Mrs. Lee is kind, but she’s strict too. (李太太人很好,但也很严厉)
My wife can speak Tagalog, too. (我太太也会讲菲语)
Too 也可直接放在主词之后来修饰主词,它的前后有时可加上逗点,但它不可放在语气助动词或助动词之后。
例如:
I too thought she was a decent sort of woman. (我也认为她是好女人)
They, too, have been to Thailand. (他们也去过泰国)
They have too been to Thailand. (误)
在祈使句中,as well 或 too 通常优于 also。例如:
Give me a bowl of braised pork rice and a bowl of clam soup too/as well then please. (请给我一碗滷肉饭,然后也给我一碗蛤蜊汤)
然而,意思为「也」的 too 只能用在肯定句;若为否定句,则须使用 either。同样地,either 通常位在句末位置,其前有无逗点皆可。例如:
He is a teacher, and I am (a teacher), too. (他是老师,我也是 (老师))
She can dance; she can sing too. (她会跳舞,也会唱歌)
Cindy: I like that metrosexual. (辛蒂:我喜欢那位型男)
Judy: Me too. (茱蒂:我也是)
She can’t dance; she can’t sing either. (她不会跳舞,也不会唱歌)
Jack’s not here. I don’t think Tom is (here), either. (杰克不在这裡。我认为汤姆也不在 (这裡))
They tried another method, but that didn’t work either. (他们试了另一种方法,但也没有用)
They tried another method, but that didn’t work also/as well/too. (误)
A: I can’t sleep. (我睡不著)
B: Me neither/Me either. (= I can’t, either) (我也睡不著)
在上面最后一句中,Me neither 是正规的标准英语,也是英式英语认为唯一正确的讲法,考试时也应据此作答,否则肯定会被认为错误。然而,在美国口语中,许多人使用 Me either 来表示 Me neither 的意思。
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