如何记忆医学英语单词

词根词缀记忆法

虽说医学英语词汇多是由拉丁文演变而来，每个单词极其长。但是，医学英语词汇的几乎所有都是由词根词缀组合而成，且词根词缀均是按系统和身体部分划分。也就是说，找到词根词缀的规律，通过分系统记忆词根词缀，不仅能有效快速，还能同时记忆更多医学词汇，效率高且遗忘率低。

1．人体主要器官前缀

心heart cardiao- cardial cardium/carditis/cardiology

脑brain encepholo- cerebral cerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology

肺lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology

肝liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology

胃stomach gastro- gastric gastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology

胆gallbladder chole- biliary holecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy

肠intestine entero- intestinal enteritis/enterectomy/enterology

脾spleen splen- splenic splenitis/splenectomy/splenology

胰pancreas pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis/pancreatectomy

肾kidney nephro- renal/nephric nephritis/nephropathy/nephrology

2．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀

血blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma

血管vessel vaso- vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular

静脉vein veno- venography/intravenous/venoconstriction

动脉artery arterio- arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis

肌muscle myo- mycology/myositis/myocarditis

髓marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma

神经nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/neuritis/neuron

细胞cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte

尿urine uro-/ur- urology/urosurgery/urogenital

体body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome

3．与数字有关的前缀

一（单）mono-/uni- monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional

二bi-/di- bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide

三tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve

四tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia

五penta- pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride

六hexa- hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund

七hepta- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent

八octa- octahedral/octal system

九nona- nonapeptide/nonagon

十deca- decade/decagram/decaliter

注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide

gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）

4．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀

色color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer

红red erythro- erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer

白white leuko- leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira

黑black melano- melena/melanoma/melanoderma

黄yellow xantho- xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma

蓝blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia

紫violet/purple

绿green

棕brown brown mixture/brown ring

橙orange Victoria orange/ethyl orange/orange G

粉红pink oink frothy sputum

绯红crimson

青铜bronzed bronzed diabetes

注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.

5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀

病patho- pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis

/-pathy -pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy

病态-osis -otic neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis

增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis

减少-penia -penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia

无a-/an- atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia

小/微-let droplet/platelet/leaflet

micro- microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus

大/巨macro- macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage

-megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly

复合/多poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia

全/泛pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic

相反dis- disease/disorder/disability

困难/障碍dys- dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea

不良mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice

炎症-it is appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis

瘤/块-oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma

血症-emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia

痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer

麻痹-plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia

流出-rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea

坏死-necrosis necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia

结石litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes

6．与方位有关的前缀

上upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/epithelium/supracostal

下lower/inferior nfra-/sub- infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous

前front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis

/pre-

后back/posterior post-/retro- posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac

内inner/internal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial

外outer/external ex-/exo- extract/excretion/exocardial

间between inter- intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse

旁/副on the side of para- parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal

周around peri- perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum

中心central centri-/centra- centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus

/centro-

反/对opposite counter-/contra- counterpart/countershock/contraindication

注：in vivo/in’vaivou/活体内;in vitro/in vaitrou/活体外或试管内；in situ/in’saitju:/原位

7．与外科手术有关的前（后）缀

切除-ectomy appendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy

切开-tomy tracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy

切（割）-tome tracheotome/thoracotome

吻合-stomy duodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy

成形术-plasty tracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty

整（矫）形ortho- orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy

造影-graphy angiography/nephrography/phlebography

经…trans- transdominal/translateral/transurethral

注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：ortho-acid（正酸）

-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy

心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录。

8．与化学品有关的前（后）缀

酸盐ate sulfate/nitrate/acetate

醇-ol alcohol/propanol/taxol

醛-al retinal/methylal/propanal

酮-one acetone/progesterone/ketone

糖glyco- glycogenolysis

saccharo- saccharomyces

-saccharide polysaccharide

酶-ase reductase/transminase/kinase

素-in penicillin/heparin/nuclein

原-gen allogen/antigen/glycogen

苯基/酚phen-/pheno- phenol/phenate/phenetidin

氨基amino- aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine

9．与“作用”有关的前（后）缀

杀-cide/-cidal insecticide/pesticide/bactericidal

抑-stasis/-static bacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic

驱逐-fuge febrifuge/centrifuge

抗-anti antibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen

去/脱/除de- dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization

回/再/复re- reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant

冷冻cryo- cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant

否/去/分离dis- disinfection/dissociate/dissection

向后/退行retro- retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac